The Banknotes of Xinjiang Banks, 1939-1950

Vladimir Belyaev, 10-Dec-05

Last update 18-Dec-08 [1]

In the below tables are collected data about paper notes issued by two Xinjiang banks in the period 1939-1950. Data were taken from the basic catalogues listed among references, and from the on-line database ZENO.RU [2]. Additional researches were done for identification of some persons whose signatures can be found on paper notes of that period.

Table 1. Officials names at banknotes of Xinjiang Banks, 1939-1950.

Person and language of signature

Signature

Person and language of signature

Signature

Zhang Hongyu (張宏輿)

General Manager of the Xinjiang Commercial and Industrial Bank, 1939-40

Zhang Hongyu

(en)

Zhang Hongyu

(cn)

Mao Zemin (毛澤民)

Head of the Financial Department of the Provincial Government of Xinjiang, 1939-40

Mao Zemin (en)

Peng Jiyuan (彭吉元)

Director of the Financial Department of the Provincial Government of Xinjiang, 1943

Peng Jiyuan

(en)

Peng Jiyuan

(cn)

Lu Yuwen (盧郁文)[3], 1945-46

Unkn. person

(en)

Unkn. person

(cn)

Janymkhan (贾尼木汗 )

member of the Provincial Government of Xinjiang, 1945-48 [4]

Janymkhan [5]

(Turkic)

Jianimuhan

(cn)

Bai Wenyu (白文昱)

Deputy Head of the Financial Department of the Provincial Government of Xinjiang, 1949 [6]

Bai Wen Yuh

(Turkic)

Bai Wenyu (cn)

Xin Landing (辛蘭丁)

Member of the Peoples Government in 1949-1955, Deputy Chairman of the Peoples Government in 1955-1965 [7]

Shing Len Ting

(Turkic)

Xin Landing

(cn)

Table 2. The list of banknotes of Xinjiang banks, 1939-1950.

Date	Left signature [8]	Right signature	Note series	Face value	Smith	XN	Pick	Zeno
`Xinjiang Commercial and Industrial`Bank / Xinjiang Shang Ye Yin Hang
1939	Zhang Hongyu	Mao Zemin	SA, SC	1 fen	H123-1	592	S1743	24116
			SC, SD	3 fen	H123-2	593	S1744	24117
			SA	5 fen	H123-3	594	S1745
			SC, SD, SI	1 jiao	H123-4 [9]	595	S1746	24115
			SC	2 jiao	H123-5		S1747	32001[10]
	Zhang Hongyu		SD, SE	2 jiao	H123-5	596	S1747
	Zhang Hongyu		SB, SG [11]	5 jiao	H123-6		S1748	24425[12]
	Zhang Hongyu		SE	5 jiao	H123-6	597	S1748
	Zhang Hongyu		SA	1 yuan	H123-10		S1749
	Zhang Hongyu		SD, SE	1 yuan	H123-10	588	S1749	32002
	Zhang Hongyu		-	3 yuan	H123-11		S1750	33671[13]
	Zhang Hongyu		SA	3 yuan	H123-11	589	S1750
	Zhang Hongyu		-	5 yuan	H123-12	590	S1751
	Zhang Hongyu		SB	5 yuan	H123-12		S1751	32003
1940	Zhang Hongyu		-	10 yuan	H123-20	591	S1758
1940	Zhang Hongyu		SA	10 yuan	H123-20		S1758	63712
1939 (1943)	Peng Jiyuan	Peng Jiyuan	SC, SH	1 jiao		598		24426
			SE, SF	2 jiao		599		2140 24114
			SF	5 jiao		600		8369 21185
				1 yuan		601
				10 yuan	H123-13		S1752
			AI, AX, AY	50 yuan	H123-14	605	S1753	8370 23608
			AJ, AR	50 yuan	H123-14	645, 646[14]	S1753
			AO, BX, CH	100 yuan	H123-15	606	S1754	24290
			BQ	100 yuan	H123-15	644[15]	S1754
1940 (1943)			SC, SE	10 yuan		602	S1758	8366 24321
1943				1 yuan	H123-30		S1761
			AA, AD	5 yuan	H123-31	603	S1762	33540 33667
			AC, AD, AK, AM	10 yuan	H123-32	604	S1763	8367 33541
			BG	10 yuan	H123-32		S1763	33791[16]
1939 (1945?)	Lu Yuwen	Lu Yuwen	DK, DM, DN	100 yuan				8373 33670
1945	Lu Yuwen	Lu Yuwen	AB, AG, AM, HI	200 yuan	H123-40		S1765	8364
1945	Janymkhan	Janimuhan	BQ, GG, FC	200 yuan		607		8374
1946	Lu Yuwen	Lu Yuwen	EW	100 yuan	H123-50		S1768	5296
1946	Janymkhan	Janimuhan	AK,AN, AZ, BN, BQ, BW, CG, CK	500 yuan	H123-51	608	S1769	8365
1947			AE, AF, AL, AN, AR, AS	2000 yuan	H123-60	609	S1771	8375
			AH, AI, AV, BC, BQ	5000 yuan	H123-61	610	S1772	8376
			AA	10 000 yuan	H123-62	611	S1773
			BP, CC, CG	20 000 yuan	H123-63	612	S1774	8368
1948			AA, AC, AJ	100 000 yuan	H123-70	613	S1776	23605
			AB, AE, AK	200 000 yuan	H123-71	614	S1777	23928
			AA, AK, AO, AS	500 000 yuan	H123-72	615	S1778	8595
Xinjiang Provincial Bank / Xinjiang Sheng Yin Hang
1948	Janymkhan	Janimuhan	AE, AP?	1 000 000 Yuan	H125-1	616		23926
			AC, AI, AL	3 000 000 Yuan	H125-2	617		8860 23927
			AB, AC, AR, AO	6 000 000 Yuan	H125-3	618		8594 23925
				10 000 000 Yuan	H125-4
1949			AF	30 000 000 Yuan	H125-10	619
			AI, AJ, AP, AZ, BC	60 000 000 Yuan	H125-11	620		8371 23602
				300 000 000 Yuan	H125-12
			AD	600 000 000 Yuan	H125-13	621
			AH	3 000 000 000 Yuan	H125-14	622		31509
			AC, AF	6 000 000 000 Yuan	H125-15	623		31270
Xinjiang Provincial Bank The last reform of Kuomindang
1949	Janymkhan	Janimuhan	AQ, AV, AW, AZ	1 fen		631		25375
			AL	5 fen	H125-20	632		33534
			AD, AF, AJ	1 jiao	H125-21	633		33535
			AC, AH	2 jiao	H125-22	634		33539
			AC, AD	5 jiao		635		33537
			AA, AH, AJ	1 yuan	H125-30	636		33538
1949	Bai Wenyuh	Bai Wenyu	BB, BW	1 yuan		637		33661
1950	Shing Len Ting	Xin Landing	AC	5 yuan		638
			AB, BC, BN	10 yuan		639		33666
			HT, HU, IA, KA, KJ, KR, KT	10 yuan		640	S1806	24283

Table 3. Changes in the design of banknotes in 1939-1950

Face value	`Xinjiang Commercial and Industrial`Bank		Xinjiang Provincial Bank
Face value	First reform series	KMT took over Xinjiang. Sun Yatsen’s portrait 1^st series	Sun Yatsen’s portrait 2^nd series	The last reform
1 fen	ZHY/MZM 1939/1939 [17]			JT/JT 1949/1949
3 fen	ZHY/MZM 1939/1939
5 fen	ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
1 jiao	ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
1 jiao	PJY/PJY 1943/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
2 jiao	ZHY/MZM ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
2 jiao	PJY/PJY 1943/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
5 jiao	ZHY/MZM ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
5 jiao	PJY/PJY 1943/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
1 yuan	ZHY/MZM ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			JT/JT 1949/1949
1 yuan	PJY/PJY 1943/1939 1943/1943			BWY/BWY 1949/1949
3 yuan	ZHY/MZM ZHY/MZM 1939/1939
5 yuan	ZHY/MZM ZHY/MZM 1939/1939			XLD/XLD 1950/1950
5 yuan	PJY/PJY 1943/1943			XLD/XLD 1950/1950
10 yuan	ZHY/MZM 1940/1940			XLD/XLD 1950/1950 2 types of the design
10 yuan	PJY/PJY 1943/1939 1943/1940 1943/1943			XLD/XLD 1950/1950 2 types of the design
50 yuan	PJY/PJY 1943/1939
100 yuan	PJY/PJY 1943/1939
100 yuan	X/X 1945?/1939 1946/1946
200 yuan		X/X 1945/1945
200 yuan		JT/JT 1945/1945
500 yuan		JT/JT 1946/1946
2000 yuan		JT/JT 1947/1947
5000 yuan		JT/JT 1947/1947
10 000 yuan		JT/JT 1947/1947
20 000 yuan		JT/JT 1947/1947
100 000 yuan		JT/JT 1948/1948
200 000 yuan		JT/JT 1948/1948
500 000 yuan		JT/JT 1948/1948
1 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1948/1948
3 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1948/1948
6 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1948/1948
10 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1948/1948
30 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949
60 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949
300 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949
600 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949
3 000 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949
6 000 000 000 yuan			JT/JT 1949/1949

References:

Smith - Smith, W.D., Matravers, B. Chinese Banknotes. Shirjieh Publishers. Menlo Park, California. 1970
XN - Dong Qingxuan, Jiang Qixiang. Xinjiang Numismatics. Hong Kong 1991.
Pick - Bruce, C.R., Shafer, N. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. 8^th Edition. Vol.1. Specialized Issues. Krause Publications.
Zeno – on-line database http://zeno.ru.
Benson, L. The Ili Rebellion. The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang 1944-1949. London 1990.
Сыроежкин К.Л. Регламентация межэтнических отношений в КНР: теория и практика (50-е - 80-е годы).

Addendum

http://www.hurgokbayrak.com/yeni_sayfa_158.htm

Translation by Hüsnü Öztürk:

“On 1950, 12th December Janymkhan Hojji (Canım Han Hacı) - one of the leaders of resistance - has been arrested and brought to Urumqi. His face was painted black, with enchained hands and foots and he has been taken for a walk on the streets while there was a label on the neck with inscription "The traitorous who has fighted against the communism". On 1951, 3rd February Janymkhan has been adjudicated in a court and the court gave him a death sentence, and then he was executed under the eyes of thousands people.”

[1] Last additions to the table 2 are marked with red font.

[2] Thanks to ONLY LINDA, Vladimir Nastich, Vladimir Suchy, Zhang Xinhua, Sergey Shevtcov for cooperation.

[4] Kazakh nationality, in Russian name is written as Жанимхан Тилеубайулы. Benson, 1990 listed him in her Table 13 “Mesut Sabri's Administration”: “Minister of Finance - Janimhan Tilevbayoglu (Kazak), Vice-Minister - Bai Wenyu”. Syroezhkin: note 2, chapter 2, lists Janymkhan, member of the Provincial Government. His signature can be found on notes in the period of 1945-1949. His life ended tragically (see Addendum).

[5] Turkic (Uyghur) signatures reading by Dr. V. Nastich.

[6] In the XN, p.173 Bai Wenyu is named as “revolted KMT deputy head of the Financial Department of the Provincial Government of Xinjiang”.

[7] Syroezhkin in the Addendum 5-3 “The ruling elite of Xinjiang“ mentions Xin Lanting, member of the Peoples Government in 1949-1955 and Deputy Chairman of the Peoples Government in 1955-1965. Uyghur signature at the note is read as Shing Len Ting. However, the last word in his Chinese name is transcribed as Ding in pinyin.

[8] Signature’s language is designated by the color: blue – English, green – Chinese, magenta – Turkic (Uyghur).

[9] Numbers in the columns “Smith” and “Pick” marked with bold means existence of illustration in the catalogue.

[10] Newly found varieties, unlisted in Smith, XN and Pick, are marked with bold-blue Zeno numbers.

[11] It is not defined what note has series number SG - for CN or EN version.

[12] ZENO #24425 has reverse signatures in a red color (not black).

[14] ## XN645 and XN646 are notes of the type #XN605 accordingly with the red circular and blue elliptical seals on the reverse.

[15] # XN644 is a note # XN606 with the red circular seal on the reverse; text of the seal – Uyghur.

[16] With the blue elliptical seal in Russian on the reverse «… Управление финансов …» (The Financial Department).

[17] Abbreviations for officials names on notes: ZHY – Zhang Hongyu, MZM – Mao Zemin, PJY – Peng Jiyuan, X – unknown person, JT – Janymkhan Tileubayogly, BWY – Bai Wenyu, XLD – Xin Landing. Two dates separated by slash designates “Date of the emission / Face date”.